Blue Tooth Technology Essay Example for Free

Blue Tooth Technology EssayBluetooth is an open standard for speech and data transmission. Besides the applications for this hot technology, e. g. the wireless connection between mobile station and terminal equipment, also the structure of the Bluetooth system architecture is presented. The set-up of so-call(a)ed short-range ad hoc ne political machinedinalrks (piconets and scatternets) lead be introduced. Bluetooth wireless technology is an open, accepted standard for wireless communication which means that Bluetooth electronic equipment endure communicate as long as they be at heart approx.10 meters of each other, making it possible to transfer data, speech, music or images without a physical connection. The mobile telephone manufacturer Ericsson invented Bluetooth technology, naming it after the Viking male monarch Harald Bluetooth. Just as King Harald Bluetooth united Denmark and Norway, Bluetooth technology unites various types of electronic equipment to ferment a c oherent whole. Ericsson formed the foundation for Bluetooth as early as 1994, however the standard was not ready for use until 1998. The first Bluetooth products came on the market in 2000.Today, Bluetooth technology can be found in all types of electronic equipment including mobile phones, mobile headsets, PCs, citeboards, mouse devices, printers, GPS navigation units, video cameras and pocket PCs and new products are emerging every day. Today, Bluetooth technology is an essential everyday cocksucker to be found in a variety of electronic equipment. The technology makes it easy to transfer speech between a mobile phone and a headset, a mobile phone and a pocket computer or images from a digital video camera to a PC.Even though two Bluetooth units can find each other and be connected, because they both comply with the standard, it may not necessarily make sense for them to speak to each other. For instance, a Bluetooth mouse would not profit much from a connection with a digita l camera, or a headset with a keyboard. The basic requirement for Bluetooth units to be equal to(p) to communicate is that they are located within 10 meters of each other. That is the range of the Bluetooth communicate waves at least under the current standard.The study intents to (1) know the key features of Bluetooth technology (2) evaluate Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and its key role in maintaining preconditions of the protocol, profiles, testing and qualification, interoperability and compatibility and (3) how Bluetooth applies to wireless technology. II. Background As Bluetooth technology becomes more common, however, we will undoubtedly see CD players that send sound to amplifiers via Bluetooth, which then transfer the sound to speakers in the same way.A Bluetooth enabled pocket computer will mechanically synchronise with a companys diary and make sure that the days e-mails are ready to be read on the screen. And car radios will turn the music down and transfer the speech from a mobile phone when it rings (see Bluetooth. New Standard Encyclopedia, pp. 36-38). Moreover, the Bluetooth brand is now recognise worldwide on products with short range wireless communication capabilities. The brand is a label that is not a single company technology but is shared by many members of the Bluetooth SIG.The brand is applied to devices implementing the Bluetooth technology even if it says little about the way the technology works (see Bluetooth. New Standard Encyclopedia, pp. 36-38). III. sermon A. Features of Bluetooth Technology The logo for Bluetooth is based on Runes surrounding the legend of Harald Bluetooth. Bluetooth the technology is based on communications central to mans own face-to-face space. Fundamentally Bluetooth operates within the Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band at 2. 4 GHz.It is a short-range wireless communication standard defined as cable system replacement for a Personal Area Network (PAN) (see Bluetooth. Grolier Enc yclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). discover 1 is the Bluetooth Logo. A cable replacement standard has been defined because cables limit mobility of the consumer they are cumbersome to carry around, are easily lost or broken. Often connectors are prone to difficult to diagnose failures or are proprietary. To counteract these limitations Bluetooth is designed to be light and portable. It can be embedded to take the riggers of physical knocks and shocks.It includes standards and protocols to make it mobile, robust, reliable and not limited to one manufacturer (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). The operating(a) band also fits the goals of Bluetooth, imposing requirements as a cable replacement. The cost needs to be comparable with cable. Reductions can be achieved by operating in the licence free 2. 4 GHz ISM band, keeping backward compatibility wherever possible lowers the cost of ownership by avoiding upgrades and having a relaxed radio specification enab les single chip integrated circuit solutions.It also needs to be as reliable and resilient as cable and cope with errors and degradation caused by interference. For mobile devices it must be compact, lightweight, low power and easy to use (see Bluetooth. Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge, pp. 87-94). A. 1 Frequency Hopping We have addressed the reasons for the Bluetooth without delving into the nuts and bolts of the technology to let loose how it operates. For the majority of countries the ISM band used by Bluetooth is available from 2. 40-2. 4835 GHz, although some countries impose restrictions.In this band Bluetooth uses Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) techniques in order to correct its immunity from interference (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In un cut back countries the radios vamooses in pseudo random sequences around all available channels, this equates to 79 RF channels with a channel lay of 1 MHz. Starting at a base frequency of 2402 MHz then the frequency of the channels, f, can be expressed as f =2402 + n MHz where, n, is the channel number with an integer value in the range of 0 to 78.In restricted countries a limited frequency hopping schemes with just 23 channels is used and is catered for in the Bluetooth specification. Both hopping schemes have a 1 MHz channel spacing making it possible to design a simple radio interface whereby the baseband only has to specify a channel number and the radio multiplies this up to the distract frequency offset (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). In this FHSS scheme there are 1600 hops per second, which is a hop every 625 s.Part of this hop timing is taken up by the guard time of 220 s allowing the synthesizer time to settle. The frequency hopping implements time division multiplexing as shown in common fig tree 2. The basis of the scheme has the Master device transmitting in the first 625 us slot, k, a nd here the Slave receives. In the next slot k = 1 the Slave is permitted to transmit and the master listens (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). Figure 2 Frequency Hopping, master and slave interact on corresponding slotsThe radio must be able to retune and stabilise on a new frequency within tight time constraints. This is pushed further when establishing a connection the hop rate can be shortened to every 312. 5 us. As the radios are constantly hopping to different radio channels, this ensures that packets affected by interference on one channel can be retransmitted on a different frequency channel. To further enhance resilience both ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and FEC (Forward Error Correction) form part of the specification (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall).One drawback with the normal hop sequence is the time taken for production testing. Bluetooth ensures adequate frequency reporti ng with a test sequence allowing the radios to be tested at a faster rate (see J. Bray and C. F. Sturman, Bluetooth Connect Without Cables, Prentice Hall). A. 2 The Bluetooth SIG and Specifications If the success of Bluetooth is metrical by its initial interest alone then its prominence has already been assured. Before products were on sale, hundreds of companies joined the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) and the Bluetooth brand became know worldwide.Before investigating the technology further it is appropriate to comment about the role played by the SIG, the administrative structure of which is outlined in Figure 3. With membership of the SIG nearing 2500 members it is only right to look at how the SIG works to promote, shape and define the specification and position Bluetooth in the market place. Positioning of the technology is all important(p) when you consider other wireless technologies that share the same ISM band, e. g. IEEE802. 11b, HomeRF and DECT. Differentiatio n is key in avoiding confusion of potential users.